Cozumel History
Ancient Mayan Legends
Cozumel History: Ancient Mayan Legends
Evidence of the existence of the Maya on Cozumel has been found in more than 34 places. Few have been fully excavated and opened to the public. The largest of them is in the middle of the island called San Gervasio.
-
Private Cozumel Jeep Tour
$110.00 (from) -
Cozumel Highlights
$140.00 (from) -
Snorkeling & Beach Club
$120.00 (from) -
Tulum Express Private Excursion
$200.00 (from) -
Tacos & Bar Hopping Tour Cozumel
$90.00 (from) -
Animal Sanctuary & Island Tour
$120.00 -
ATV & Beach Break Tour
$130.00 (from) -
Cozumel Diving
$140.00 (from)
The Maya of Cozumel: Pre-Colombian time
Mayan ruins San Gervasio on Cozumel
Historiker gehen von drei Migrationswellen auf Cozumel aus. Die Menschen, die um 100 vor Christus ankamen, waren karibische Halbnomaden sowie Jäger und Fischer.
Die zweite Migrationswelle waren Maya aus Guatemala und kamen um 400 nach Christus. Sie waren kulturell entwickelter, sesshaft und kannten die Kunst der Architektur.
Die dritte und für die Geschichte von Cozumel wichtigste Migrationswelle erreichte Cozumel um 800 nach Christus von Tabasco und Campeche.
Sie brachten den für Cozumel wichtigen Kult der Göttin Ix Chel mit, der Göttin des Mondes und der Fruchtbarkeit. Sie ist die zweit-wichtigste Göttin der zahlreichen Maya-Gottheiten und die Ehefrau des Sonnengottes Itzamna.
In der darauffolgenden Episode erhofften sich viele Mayafrauen den Segen von Ix Chel. Deswegen pilgerten sie nach Cozumel, um Fruchtbarkeit zu erbitten. Typischerweise machten sie sich vor ihrer Hochzeit zu dieser Pilgerreise auf. Auf Cozumel fanden deswegen viele Hochzeiten von Pilgern statt.
Achtung: Die Göttin Ix Chel hat bis heute nichts von ihrem Einfluss verloren!!!!!!! Man sagt, dass es der Geschichte von Cozumel und vor allem der Maya Göttin Ix Chel zu verdanken sei, dass auf Cozumel so viele Kinder zur Welt kommen.
Maya crossing to Cozumel in canoes
Mayan goddess Ix Chel in Cozumel
Für die Maya war die Reise nach Cozumel gefährlich. Denn zwischen dem Festland und Cozumel gibt es sehr starke Strömungen. Die Maya nutzten Kanus und überkreuzten so die Meeresstraße.
Heute wird diese Überfahrt als heiliges Element der Maya Kultur gefeiert. Einmal jährlich überqueren Pilger in Kanus die Yukatan-Meerenge, um die Göttin Ix Chel anzubeten und Opfergaben zu überbringen.
Die kulturelle Blüte von Cozumel ist eng mit der von Chichen Itza verknüpft, also zwischen 800 n.Chr. – 1.200 n.Chr. Cozumel entwickelte sich zu einem wichtigen Handelsplatz. Da viele Pilger hier ankamen, nutzten sie die Gelegenheit, Güter einzutauschen. In dieser Zeit war Chichen Itza die Hauptstadt von Cozumel.
Archäologen haben viele Anhaltspunkte für eine enge Verknüpfung zwischen Chichen Itza und Cozumel gefunden. Unter anderem Keramik und ähnliche Architekturelemente. Nach dem Untergang von Chichen Itza um 1.200 nach Christus blieb Cozumel ein wichtiges Zentrum für die Maya. Deren Bedeutung endete erst mit der Ankunft der Spanier.
Mayan Ruins on Cozumel
Mayan ruins San Gervasio in Cozumel
Specially trained guides take you on a journey back to the ancient world of tha Maya in San Gervasio. Most of them are true Mayan descenders. They like to tell you some anecdotes about the island of Cozumel. And those who like walking, can go until the temple of the goddess Ix Chel, where once the Mayan women asked for fertility.
Cozumel history: The arrival of the Spaniards in Cozumel
Symbol of the arrival of the Spaniards
A year later, in 1519, the infamous Hernan Cortes came to Cozumel. He came on behalf of the Spanish crown to subjugate “the new Spain,” as Mexico was called. Cortes convinced the chief of the Maya to submit peacefully and accept the Christian god. Hernan Cortes destroyed many Mayan temples and religious sculptures during his stay on Cozumel.
When the Spaniards arrived on Cozumel, about 20,000 Maya lived on the island. Unfortunately, a member of the crew of Cortes had the smallpox, a disease that had not existed in America so far. Only a few hundred survived the epidemic. In the middle of the 16th century, the island of Cozumel was often attacked by pirates and it became increasingly dangerous to live on a Caribbean island. Therefore, the surviving inhabitants moved to the mainland.
Cozumel history: The era of pirates
In 1847 the caste war broke out on the Yucatan Peninsula. Creole in particular (as the middle-class and upper-class Spaniards in Mexico are called) were mercilessly persecuted.
History of Cozumel: The repopulation
El Cedral: First settlement in Cozumel
In 1847, the Caste war started on the Yucatan peninsula. Creoles (Spaniards of the middle and upper classes) particularly, were pursued mercilessly.
On the mainland, a man named Casimiro Cardenas sought refuge in a church, knowing that the Maya were not far away. The church, chosen as a shelter, was of little help against the aggressive Maya. Many from the village died. Cardenas, badly wounded, was one of the survivors, believing that a carved crucifix had protected him. Therefore, he swore that he would organize a festival in honor of God once a year. Casimiro and 21 other families reached the island of Cozumel in 1848 as refugees and founded the village El Cedral. Casimiro kept his promise and held a celebration of the Holy Cross at the end of April. Today, the El Cedral feast is Cozumel’s main festivity and many locals celebrate this old tradition.
The first cruise lines on Cozumel landed in the 70s. At that time, much smaller and more irregular in their capacity, they brought about 100 guests to the island – once a month. In the 70s, about 15,000 people lived on Cozumel. Today, this number has risen to nearly 100,000.
Summary
- The first Maya came to Cozumel as early as 100 BC.
- The heyday of Cozumel began 800 AD – 1200 AD under the capital Chichen Itza.
- The first Spaniards landed on Cozumel in 1518 and spread smallpox. Many Mayan people died of it.
- Cozumel was uninhabited until the middle of the 19th century.
- Cozumel was repopulated by refugees from the Caste War
AFFILIATE LINKS
This article contains product recommendations in the form of affiliate links. If you buy something through these affiliate links, we get a small commission. This does not change the price for you.
Hello, my name is Birgit and I write about interesting topics around vacations in Mexico and traveling on the Yucatan peninsula. I would love to hear from you and I am always happy to receive ideas and recommendations for new articles.
Enjoy reading!!!
Follow us
Interesting blog posts
High quality tequila: Recommendations from Mexico
Tequila from Mexico How to recognize High Quality TequilaHigh Quality Tequila: Recommendations from MexicoOne of Mexico’s most popular souvenirs is tequila. It is the most famous form of the Mexican national drink Mezcal and is extracted from the heart of the blue...
Biodegradable sunscreen
Biodegradable Sunscreen Coral ProtectionBiodegradable sunscreen: Coral ProtectionA special consideration for the vacation luggage to Mexico should be the right sunscreen. Because we have to protect our skin against the strong sun and dangerous UV rays. However, the...
Cenotes in Mexico
Cenotes in Mexico The best Cenotes of the Riviera MayaThe best cenotes in Mexico: Magic OasesLovely, but mystical and full of secrets; the cenotes of the Yucatan Peninsula are a true gift of the nature. Swimming in a cenote, surrounded by jungle and rock formations,...
The History of the Maya: An Introduction
History of the Maya Between Myths and Knowledge: An IntroductionHistory of the Maya: An IntroductionThe Maya were excellent mathematicians, architects, astronomers, doctors and very religious people. Their daily life was permeated with rituals and ceremonies. Native...
The best mosquito repellent for Mexico
The best mosquito protection For Mexico and the CaribbeanThe best mosquito protection for Mexico and the CaribbeanThe vacation is booked - off to Mexico and the Caribbean. The anticipation of balmy summer nights, tropical rainforests and dream beaches rises!!! If only...
Chichen Itza Travel Guide
Travel Guide Chichen Itza History | Arquitecture | Insider TippsChichen Itza: Travel Guide into the Mayan WorldIt is a once in a lifetime opportunity to see the famous Mayan ruins of Chichen Itza. For many visitors, the culture of ancient Mexico has so much...